The small Norman village of Allouville is proud of its thousand-year-old oak tree. But one day, a project of enlargement threatens the tree. The deputy Charles Crétois was keen on this project, which allowed him to continue the speculation he had been indulging in on certain lands. He is supported by the mayor of Allouville to whom he promised the Legion of Honor. But the whole village protests: they want to save the oak tree.

L'Etat Sauvage is based on the novel by Georges Conchon which won the highly esteemed Prix de Goncourt. The story chronicles the mindless racism of both the departing French colonial overlords and the emergent black Africans in a newly emerging African state. Laurence (Marie-Christine Barrault) suffers the outrage of her white acquaintances, including her former lover Gravenoir (Claude Brasseur) and her ex-husband Avit (Jacques Dutronc), for her affair with Patrice Doumbe (Doura Mane), an official in the new government. He in turn is ridiculed by his fellow cabinet ministers for stepping out with a white woman. The vilification escalates to such a point that Patrice is brutally murdered, and Laurence barely escapes the country alive, with the help of her ex-husband Avit.

A writer separated from his wife moves to the countryside with his secretary and children. From his office, he can hear everything that is going on.