Carmelo Bene

Carmelo Bene

Born: September 3, 1937
Died: March 16, 2002
in Campi Salentina, Lecce, Italia
The filmmaking career of Carmelo Bene (1937 - 2002) lasted from 1968 to 1973, six years out of a lengthy time spent in the theater that made Bene one of the most celebrated figures of the Italian avant-garde in the second half of the 20th century.

Bene first made a name for himself with a controversial production of Camus’ Caligula in Rome in 1959. Subsequent productions retained this sense of notoriety, and Bene (like Pasolini) quickly acquired a police record. Bene, however, would come to bemoan the controversy his work created, because it attracted an audience looking for shocks and titillation, while he himself was more concerned with reinventing the vocabulary of the theater: sets, gestures, texts.

Bene’s turn to cinema expanded that quest to reinvent. His films resist synopsis because, although they are often derived from narrative sources, Bene uses these sources against themselves and as a springboard for his critique of the stultifying traps of representation and interpretation. The films are wildly inventive and visually arresting on several levels: the performance styles of his actors, including eccentric movements, gestures and grimaces; the sets, costumes and makeup; the editing; and the use of the camera, with stable shots regularly punctuated by handheld camera work, extreme close ups and the occasional baroque use of zooms, dollies, cranes, elaborate pans and exaggerated camera angles. They resemble something like the work of Jack Smith crossed with the experimental Pasolini of Teorema and Pigsty.

One constant feature of Bene’s work is its satire of heterosexuality. The two sexes keep trying to communicate with each other, but always fail to do so. Bene’s work constantly deflates masculinist pretenses at mastery: his male characters tend to be hapless and often hysterical, while his female characters are alternately predatory and remote, and unknowable in either case. But this satire is merely the most visible form of Bene’s revolt against convention and communication. Over and over again in the films, everyday actions become hopelessly complicated or endlessly interrupted. His characters often end up staring quizzically offscreen or even into mirrors, as if they were no more sure than we are of the meaning of what they see. Indeed, identity and by extension agency seem to get suspended, along with meaning. What is left is glorious spectacle and enigmas for the eyes and ears: endless music; babbling, stuttering text; excessive and exciting images. – David Pendleton

Movies for Carmelo Bene...

The Last Days of Humanity
Title: The Last Days of Humanity
Character: Self (archive footage)
Released: May 8, 2023
Type: Movie
The panorama of human affairs encounters the “man with a movie camera”. His playground has no boundaries, his curiosity no limits. Characters, situations and places pitch camp in the life of a humanity that is at once the viewer and the thing viewed. But what are the last days of this humanity? Have they already passed? Are they now or still to come?
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BENE! Vita di Carmelo, la macchina attoriale
Title: BENE! Vita di Carmelo, la macchina attoriale
Released: December 20, 2022
Type: Movie
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Lorenzaccio, al di là di de Musset e Benedetto Varchi
Title: Lorenzaccio, al di là di de Musset e Benedetto Varchi
Released: September 1, 2003
Type: Movie
Video registration of Carmelo Bene's play 'Lorenzaccio, al di là di de Musset e Benedetto Varchi', performed in Florence in 1986.
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Otello o la deficienza della donna
Title: Otello o la deficienza della donna
Released: March 18, 2002
Type: Movie
Produced by RAI and filmed in the Turin studios in 1979 but edited years later, in 2001-2002, this is the staging for TV of Carmelo Bene's play of the same name. One of his last works, it premiered in 2002, on March 18, immediately after his death, at the Teatro Argentina in Rome.
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Pinocchio, ovvero lo spettacolo della Provvidenza
Title: Pinocchio, ovvero lo spettacolo della Provvidenza
Character: Pinocchio / Geppetto / Mastro Ciliegia / Grillo Parlante / Mangiafuoco / Volpe / Lucignolo
Released: May 29, 1999
Type: Movie
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Voce dei Canti
Title: Voce dei Canti
Released: December 1, 1998
Type: Movie
On the occasion of the bicentenary of the birth, Carmelo Bene returns to the verses of the poet from Recanati. In this film the most beautiful poems by Giacomo Leopardi (La Ginestra, Il Canto Notturno, Le Ricordanze, A Silvia, L'Infinito ...), but also some passages from the Moral Operettas, as well as the unfinished Project for a hymn at Ahrimane, follow one another with deep and moving simplicity, with a quiet immediacy that causes the void of every other voice: therefore the listenere is ensnared in the pauses, bewitched by the unexpected descents of silence. The voice assumes a dark and ancestral tone in which the words seem to find their original nuances.
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Macbeth Horror Suite
Title: Macbeth Horror Suite
Released: April 5, 1997
Type: Movie
Macbeth, the Thane of Glamis, receives a prophecy from a trio of witches that one day he will become King of Scotland. Consumed by ambition and spurred to action by his wife, Macbeth murders his king and takes the throne for himself.
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In-vulnerabilità d'Achille (tra Sciro e Ilio)
Title: In-vulnerabilità d'Achille (tra Sciro e Ilio)
Released: January 1, 1997
Type: Movie
One of the last TV performances by Carmelo Bene, from Publio Papinio Stazio and Henrich Von Kleist, mixing the myth of the amazon Pentesilea with the invulnerability of the greek hero Achilles. Bene performs alone in a stage filled with mannequins, acting in playback.
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Carmelo nei Canti Orfici
Title: Carmelo nei Canti Orfici
Character: Himself
Released: August 1, 1996
Type: Movie
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Ai Rotoli
Title: Ai Rotoli
Character: Self
Released: January 1, 1996
Type: Movie
A visit to the Rotoli cemetery in Palermo, while film director Carmelo Bene reads a fragment of Antonio Pizzuto's book "Signorina Rosina".
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Cos'è il teatro?!
Title: Cos'è il teatro?!
Character: Himself
Released: December 12, 1990
Type: Movie
Rome, December 12th - 15th 1990.
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Hommelette for Hamlet, operetta inqualificabile (da J. Laforgue)
Title: Hommelette for Hamlet, operetta inqualificabile (da J. Laforgue)
Character: Amleto
Released: November 25, 1990
Type: Movie
A TV movie variation on Shakespeare's Hamlet. The movie is a part of Carmelo Bene's multi-medial project on Hamlet, also including the theatrical movie "Un Amleto di meno", a stage drama and the experimental video "Amleto di Carmelo Bene (Da Shakespeare a Laforgue).
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L'Adelchi di Alessandro Manzoni in forma di concerto
Title: L'Adelchi di Alessandro Manzoni in forma di concerto
Released: September 9, 1985
Type: Movie
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Manfred, versione per concerto in forma di oratorio
Title: Manfred, versione per concerto in forma di oratorio
Released: September 12, 1983
Type: Movie
Drama by Lord George Byron, music by Robert Schumann. Filmed at Teatro Comunale di Bologna, 1979.
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La poesia dimenticata
Title: La poesia dimenticata
Released: January 1, 1982
Type: Movie
Carmelo Bene reads poems by Dino Campana
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Riccardo III
Title: Riccardo III
Character: Riccardo III
Released: December 7, 1981
Type: Movie
Riccardo III (da Shakespeare) secondo Carmelo Bene
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Modi di vivere - Giorgio Colli. Una conoscenza per cambiare la vita
Title: Modi di vivere - Giorgio Colli. Una conoscenza per cambiare la vita
Released: January 1, 1980
Type: Movie
Realized in 1980 for Rai 2, it recalls the main phases in the life of Giorgio Colli.
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Amleto di Carmelo Bene (da Shakespeare a Laforgue)
Title: Amleto di Carmelo Bene (da Shakespeare a Laforgue)
Character: Amleto
Released: April 21, 1978
Type: Movie
An experimental video variation on Shakespeare's Hamlet.
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Bene! Quattro diversi modi di morire in versi: Majakovskij-Blok-Esènin-Pasternak
Title: Bene! Quattro diversi modi di morire in versi: Majakovskij-Blok-Esènin-Pasternak
Released: October 27, 1977
Type: Movie
Performance shot in 1977, in which emblematic actor Carmelo Bene, in the charming reconstruction of the ruins of a theater on fire accompanied by the disturbing notes of Vittorio Gelmetti, reads four poems of the Twentieth Century russian poets Vladimir Majakovskij, Boris Pasternak, Aleksandr Blok and Sergej Esènin.
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One Hamlet Less
Title: One Hamlet Less
Character: Hamlet
Released: November 21, 1973
Type: Movie
The "Hamlet" in this well-mounted Italian spoof is the Danish prince, not a small town or village. The movie irreverently draws on both the Shakespeare play and the 1877 story by Jules Laforgue. In the story, Hamlet (Carmelo Bene) is a would-be playwright. He suffers from inept Freudian analysis by Polonius (Pippo Tuminelli), and Ophelia and Gertrude (Isabella Russo & Luciana Cante) are women conjured up in his erotic imagination.
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Ventriloquio
Title: Ventriloquio
Character: Jean des Esseintes
Released: May 1, 1973
Type: Movie
Adapted from the ninth chapter of the novel "Controcorrente" (1884) by Joris Karl Huysmans. Its narrative concentrates almost entirely on its principal character and is mostly a catalogue of the tastes and inner life of Jean des Esseintes, an eccentric, reclusive aesthete and antihero who loathes 19th-century bourgeois society and tries to retreat into an ideal artistic world of his own creation.
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Salome
Title: Salome
Character: Erode Antipa / Onorio
Released: October 20, 1972
Type: Movie
Salome is the daughter of the second wife of King Herod. The King is infatuated with her and, after she fails to seduce the prophet John The Baptist, she dances for the King in order to ask for his execution.
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Tre nel mille
Title: Tre nel mille
Character: Pannocchia
Released: March 6, 1971
Type: Movie
A few days after the arrival of the year 1000, bearer of great misfortune according to the Prophets, the cavalryman Fortunato and two soldiers, Pannocchia and Carestia, travel through Italy in the midst of numerous adventures: The prophetic year is marked only by the discovery on the part of the cavalryman of his wife's betrayal
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Necropolis
Title: Necropolis
Released: October 31, 1970
Type: Movie
A surreal and disturbing distillation of Western Civilization, Necropolis is the unhinged vision of Italian director Franco Brocani. Pierre Clémenti is Attila the Hun, naked and on horseback, while Warhol superstar Viva is a drunken and abusive Countess Bathory. A pop pastiche for the psychedelic generation, Necropolis features a soundtrack by Gavin Bryars.
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Don Giovanni
Title: Don Giovanni
Character: Don Giovanni
Released: May 13, 1970
Type: Movie
Spectacular Italian comedy-drama directed by Carmelo Bene. The narrative follows how Don Giovanni tries to seduce a young woman who is manically searching for Christian icons. The film is loosely based on Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly's short story "The Greatest Love of Don Juan", from the collection Les Diaboliques. The film premiered in the Directors' Fortnight section of the Cannes Film Festival.
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Red Hot Shot
Title: Red Hot Shot
Character: Billy Desco
Released: March 31, 1970
Type: Movie
Frank was removed from an investigation into Mac Brown, the owner of a pharmaceutical company, who was suspected of drug trafficking and illegal experiments on teenagers. When Brown is murdered, Frank is called to investigate...
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Capricci
Title: Capricci
Character: Poet
Released: November 15, 1969
Type: Movie
After a fight in their apartment, the story of a writer and a painter are divided. The writer is dedicated with his partner Manon to provoke continuous accidents in a field in which car carcasses abound. The painter is recruited to kill, through a poisoned picture, the old Arden to allow the latter's wife, Alice to live with her lover Mosbie.
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Umano Non Umano
Title: Umano Non Umano
Character: Self
Released: May 7, 1969
Type: Movie
Artists and poets meet in a dreamlike space between walks and performances.
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Our Lady of the Turks
Title: Our Lady of the Turks
Character: The Protagonist
Released: September 3, 1968
Type: Movie
A man (Carmelo Bene) can not bear to be part of society. He considers himself a "jerk" and so invents its own philosophy, which involves the destruction of his land of Puglia where all citizens are devoted to the Catholic religion. However, the man can not destroy the belief of the pilgrims of Salento, because a woman would prevent that. It is an unknown "Santa Margherita", which tries to divert man from his weird and impossible philosophy. Successive scenes of the film show various situations unreal and dream in which the two protagonists try to obtain the best one on the other. After a blasphemous dialogue between monks, the man includes his whole philosophy in a Moorish building. In fact, this seems to have been the scene of the massacre of the famous 800 Martyrs of Otranto, which are considered by the scetic man the absolute death of Christianity.
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Hermitage
Title: Hermitage
Character: The Man
Released: January 1, 1968
Type: Movie
Hermitage, defined by Bene as "a rehearsal for lenses", beyond any literal rendition - its narrative trace comes from one of his anti-novels, Credito Italiano V.E.R.D.I - displays his immediate attitude to thinking a cinematic language completely based on actor's movements and actions, and more specifically, on his presence and his schemes. Camouflaged or naked, still or moving, his body seems to play and be played at the same time, shifted by objective and subjective tensions, both metaphorically and visually speaking.
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Catch As Catch Can
Title: Catch As Catch Can
Character: Prete
Released: October 26, 1967
Type: Movie
Bob is a successful actor, but his career gets doomed by a strange phenomenon: the animal kingdom is taking on him!
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Oedipus Rex
Title: Oedipus Rex
Character: Creonte
Released: September 7, 1967
Type: Movie
In pre-war Italy, a young couple have a baby boy. The father, however, is jealous of his son - and the scene moves to antiquity, where the baby is taken into the desert to be killed. He is rescued, given the name Edipo (Oedipus), and brought up by the King and Queen of Corinth as their son. One day an oracle informs Edipo that he is destined to kill his father and marry his mother. Horrified, he flees Corinth and his supposed parents - only to get into a fight and kill an older man on the road…
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Carmelo Bene, il canto d'amore di Alfred J. Prufrock
Title: Carmelo Bene, il canto d'amore di Alfred J. Prufrock
Released: July 10, 1967
Type: Movie
Carmelo Bene read a text by T. S. Eliot
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Bis
Title: Bis
Released: January 1, 1966
Type: Movie
In 1966, Bene presented The Pink and the Black, his successful theatrical adaptation of Matthew Gregory Lewis’ lurid Gothic novel from 1796. Experimental filmmaker Paolo Brunatto filmed some of the play’s rehearsals in a Rome apartment (also frequented also by the Living Theatre). Bene's artistry is encapsulated in one sentence: “One cannot continue to prostitute the idea of theatre, which stands only for a magical, brutal link with reality."
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Un'ora prima di Amleto, più Pinocchio
Title: Un'ora prima di Amleto, più Pinocchio
Character: Himself
Released: January 1, 1965
Type: Movie
Backstage short documentary on Carmelo Bene’s theatre works Amleto and Pinocchio.